Community Action is one of the health promotion strategies that is considered to solve health problems. Community Action has a positive effect on the improvement of public health, especially in reducing non-communicable diseases. This strategy uses available resources within the Community to implement changes. It is based on these principles: empowering communities to act effectively to improve health and empowerment of the health care system to work with communities. The purpose of strengthening Community Action is to support people to recognize their capacity for creating safe and healthy communities. Thus, Community Action is not imposed on individuals from special representative or specific organs.

Objective: Three categories of interventions are considered for reducing the prevalence of mental disorders in Iran: mental health promotion, increasing mental health and social service utilization and controlling mental health risk factors. In this regard, we designed a Community Action program in a national plan to provide comprehensive social and mental health services (SERAJ) that were implemented as a pilot in three districts of Iran: Bardasir, Oslo, and Quchan. In this study, we have reviewed the results of this pilot project. Method: This study was conducted based on the collaborative evaluation model; first, the program was described and the evaluation indicators of each component of the program were determined. Stakeholders were determined; also, data were collected through literature review, semi-structured interview, and focused group discussion and were analyzed by thematic analysis methods. Results: The Community Action program consists of four components: A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the departments of the districts, People’ s Participation House (PPH), Self-reliance Unit (SRU), and Actions taken for stigma reduction. A total of 48% of the Actions set out in the three MoU of three districts have been executed. The PPH was formed in all three districts. A total of 816 social referrals were admitted to SRU for which a self-reliance process has been initiated. Moreover, 47% of referrals have received services and at least 10 messages for stigma reduction and promoting mental disorders have been sent from different sources at the district level. Conclusion: Strengthening vertical cooperation between the national and provincial levels is essential for the full implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and self-reliance processes. Referring individuals for receiving social support with collaboration between the primary and secondary programs reported to be successful, but feedback to the primary and secondary levels which provides basic and specialized services, is not transparent. Therefore, we suggest an electronic system as an option to solve this problem. The careful selection of representatives of the people's network and empowerment of PPH and directors of the district on Community Action skills are essential. The experiences of the governors and chairs of health networks of the three districts should be presented at a national conference.

Community-based development in Iran has often been translated as neighborhood-based development. In the local development model, the local Community is considered very general, whereas in the Community-based development model, the local Community is focused on local contexts and structures that have social issues and problems according to the development capacities based on the local Community. Urban management in Tehran in the last decade with a series of different measures (Distinguish neighborhood boundaries, The construction of Community center (Saraye Mahale), implementation of social, cultural and health programs, at the level of urban neighborhoods, etc) have sought to institutionalize this type of development. The present article focuses on theoretical and experimental issues in the field of local Community development and the requirements of this type of development to examine its challenges in Tehran and the set of measures that have been taken in this regard. Relying on the data of two studies in Tehran (pathology of neighborhood management and social and cultural typology of Tehran neighborhoods), which has been done quantitatively and qualitatively, the article addresses the challenges of this type of development in Tehran. The findings of the paper show that development is based on a local Community based on contexts and requirements, and focuses on specific goals and specific contexts of cities, not all contexts. While the strategies of development based on local Community (Council elections, establishing Community center (Saraye Mahale) and neighborhood management, etc. ) without considering these contexts and requirements of this development based on local Community in Tehran This has led to the failure of these strategies in the development of the local Community and the achievement of the consequences of this type of development after the implementation of these strategies. Lack of attention to the contexts and requirements based on the development of the local Community in Tehran, the activities carried out have led to spending a lot of money so far, which seems to have not yielded significant results in this area. At the end, several specific suggestions are presented to address the challenges of this type of development, with the main emphasis on changing the perception of local communities that should be the focus of development.

Introduction: The Community-based participatory evaluation is an applied scientific research that invites and encourages the people to full participation in evaluating their own Community health programs with common objectives, in different stages, planning, implementing or concluding the programs. Collaboration of the Stakeholders develops their feeling of belonging to their Community. It also gives them a new positive definition of evaluation programs, instead of a source of anxiety for blaming or rejecting. The involved people do the evaluation of their own programs instead of submitting this task to external evaluators. In other words, the main objective of participatory evaluation is empowering the Community in planning, implementing and concluding their own lives and career programs.Method: This research was conducted to utilize the “evaluation framework for Community health programs”, as a participatory evaluation model for the Community health Action agencies’ programs, with regards to the “people to people” approach. The evaluation framework was planned and implemented in a Community health Action Agency called “Mehr Tehran Pars” located in the East of Tehran, metropolitan region 4, with almost 63703 populations.Findings: Among the six success indicators, pointed out by evaluation participants (financial resources, human resources, service providing, communication, operations management and sustainability), the findings showed the maximum scale for capacity of the Community health Action agency was in operation management (%4.5) and the minimum scale was in supplying financial resources (%2.5). The scale for people satisfAction in cooperating with the agency was %50 and the scale for people satisfAction in the agency’s service providing was %48.Discussion: The participatory evaluation proved that the agency needs some improvement and empowerment. The method of evaluation also could produces some valuable knowledge in full participatory working. In addition, the strength and weaknesses of the programs were explained to take into account in the future. The lessons were learned in this method by the participants were gathering success stories, using the gathered information’s and supporting the agency’s changes and improvement.

The book Social Issues: Community, Politics and Social Action is written by Ana Leon Guerrero, translated by Amir Khorrami and published by Andisheh Ehsan Publishing House in 2018. Ana Leon Guerrero is a professor of sociology at The Lutheran University in Tacoma, Washington. He is the recipient of the University Faculty Excellence Award and the K. T. Tang Award for Excellence in Research, and teaches courses in statistics, sociological theory, and social issues. book introduction The book "Social Issues: Society, Politics and Social Action" with a special focus on social issues and social harms, a comprehensive approach (statistical, scientific, theoretical, practical) to the status of various social issues from alcoholism and drug abuse to crimes, the state of criminal justice, It examines and analyzes the social issues of the city, environment, etc. in the United States of America in the contemporary era. Although the social issues presented in the book are a full-length mirror of the social issues in the United States, this type of social issues and harms have a common theme in a global context and cannot be considered specific to one society. In fact, this book introduces the audience to a wide range of social issues with valuable details, and of course, in different scientific and experimental dimensions, and provides the audience with the type of encounter with it, the method of analysis, and finally effective strategies. . The book begins with a one-page introduction titled Our Social and Material World. In this introduction, although the introduction of the book has been made, the noteworthy point is the explanation that the author spoke about the connection of all social issues to the society and considers even the physical and natural world to be affected by the society. The book consists of an index, an introduction, 6 chapters, glossary of concepts, references and an index 126 / 5, 000 Corresponding author: Karamelah Jovanmard, Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Ayatollah Borujerdi University (RA), Borujerd, Iran

Introduction: Effective plaque removal is an important factor in the long-term clinical success of dental implants. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of a powered toothbrush (Power Cross-Action) and a manual toothbrush (Cross-Action) in the control of plaque and soft tissue inflammation around implants supporting mandibular overdentures.Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-over clinical trial. The subjects included 10 edentulous subjects, aged 47-73 years, with removable mandibular overdentures supported by 2 unsplinted implants, all the subjects wore maxillary complete dentures. The study consisted of two 4-week phases separated by a 2-week interval. In each phase each subject randomly used one toothbrush type. Two days prior to each phase, the implants were polished. Plaque and bleeding indices were recorded before and after brushing. Data was analyzed by t-test using SPSS software (a=0.05).Results: Both toothbrushes reduced the indices under study. Means of plaque index decreases were 0.5 in manual toothbrush and 0.44 in powered toothbrush. Means of bleeding index decreases were 0.27 in manual toothbrush and 0.3 in powered toothbrush. There were no statistically significant differences between the two toothbrush types in changing plaque index (p value=0.88) and bleeding index (p value=0.91).Conclusion: Both toothbrushes were efficient in plaque control around implants which supported mandibular overdentures and there was no difference between them. Patients can use one of these toothbrushes depending on personal preference and comfort.

Objective: The social component of health plays a significant role in improving the mental health of the people of a district, A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “ SERAJ” , was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran, The present study aims to determine its model for improving the indicators of the social component of mental health, Method: This study is a system design for which a literature review, interviews with experts, and focused group discussions with stakeholders were used, Results: Community Action in promoting the mental health of the districts has three main components: strengthening intersectoral collaboration through the memorandum of understandings (MoU), increasing people's participation by establishing People’ s Participation House (PPH) with the presence of the representative of current People’ s network, and social protection of people suffering from mental disorders by establishing the Social Support Unit (SSU) for self-reliance activity, All three components are controlled by the governor and with supervision and technical consult of the health network of the district and stakeholder participation, Conclusion: The model uses the inner capacities of the city instead of creating new structures, The prerequisites for the effective function of the main three components are educating departments, educating members of the PPH, and hiring a social worker at the SSU, The effective measures taken by the departments to reduce the risk factors for mental disorders are dependent on the technical and financial support of relevant organizations at the provincial and national levels,